1 + 1 = 3, Carbon Can’t Count [Carbon 101 Series] 

Carbon Accounting for Environmental Certificates 

Your company has announced with great fanfare 50% emissions reductions by 2030.  Everyone’s very excited!!! Except you, you’re the Sustainability and Environment Manager, they just told you and it’s your job – how are you going to make it happen?…   

One of the big pieces of the puzzle is Environmental Certificates and accounting for these under the various Carbon accounting regimes. We take a look at everything you need to know so you are prepared for what’s to come. 

The Journey to Net Zero 

The journey to carbon emission reductions (and eventually neutrality) involves several key steps: 

• Establish a baseline – audits & emissions accounting for different boundaries – Scope 1,2,3 emissions  
• Engage stakeholders and set targets  
• Identify risks and opportunities and the business cases 
• Build the roadmap and program for energy and carbon performance, which includes: 
  – Energy efficiency, heat recovery and direct emissions reductions projects
  – Onsite renewables and grid purchased renewables
  – And lastly use offsets (environmental certificates) for hardest reductions 

• Implement and Iterative  

To learn more about the steps see our “Net-Zero Webinar: Decoding the Buzzwords and Practical Sector-Specific Advice”.  For any terms in this article, you may want to reference Northmore Gordon’s Glossary 

Emissions Offsetting using Environmental Certificates 

Offsetting means taking steps to offset existing emissions from the business with abatement (emissions reductions from another source), one way to do this is by purchasing and surrendering Environmental Certificates. There are several distinct types of certificates, and not all can be used for offsetting.  

Environment Certificates 

Renewable Energy        CO₂ Emissions Reductions            Electricity & Gas Efficiency 

Put simply Environmental Certificates are a mechanism to measure the quantity and then decouple the environmental component (value) from a project or resource.  The environmental value can then be traded and used to generate income or to meet other objectives such as offsetting emissions. 

For example, a biogas boiler that generates 500 MWh of renewable electricity could register approximately 500 Renewable Energy Certificates (LGCs). The owner can sell the 500 MWh of electricity (via the grid) and separately sell the 500 LGCs (the renewable component) to receive additional income. 

The three main types of certificates for Energy and Carbon are as follows: 

• Renewable Energy Certificates (1 MWh Renewable Energy Generated) – RECs –  

• LGCs (large generation) are registered after measuring the generation that has occurred. 

• STCs (small technology) are deemed (calculated) for the expected generation through to 2030 based on the postcode of the installation and system size. 
• International Certificates TGRs, RECs, are either deemed or measured 

• Carbon Credits (1 Tonne CO2-e abated) – e.g. Australian Carbon CreditA certificate that is equivalent to 1 tonne CO2-e. Credits often refer to instruments issued under a cap and trade scheme, where companies are allocated credits up to their emission cap. If they exceed the cap they need to purchase more credits. More Units (ACCUs), Verified Emissions Reductions (VERVoluntary Emission Reduction under the Gold Standard. More), Certified Emissions Reductions (CER) 
• Energy SavingsElectricity or gas savings or both. More Certificates (typically 1 MWh electricity or gas energy saved), aka White Certificates, these are sometimes converted to tonnes of CO2-e through conversion factors.  NSW Energy Saving Certificates, VIC Energy Efficiency Certificates 

Putting it all together. Environmental Certificates and Offsets 

It’s important to understand that by selling the certificate, then the environmental component (renewable energy, carbon abatement, or energy efficiency) can no longer be claimed by the consumer of the physical resource or implementer of the project. 

The flipside of this is that an existing project that consumes grid energy or generates emissions can “made” renewable or carbon neutralThe act of offsetting all scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions associated with a product or service. More by purchasing (and surrendering) the equal number of certificates as the amount of energy consumed or the amount of carbon emitted. 

Looking at the Accounting for each of the Australian certificate types: 

• RECs – Large-scale Generation Certificates (LGCs) can be purchased and used to offset grid-based energy used by a business for their sites.  This is done by surrendering that quantity of certificates in the RECRenewable Energy Certificate More registry, this takes the certificates out of circulation.  For example, a business that consumes 500 MWh from the grid and does not have the space to install Solar PVSolar Photovoltaic More can simply buy 500 LGCs each year and surrender them and can now claim to be using renewable energy. 
• RECs – Small-scale Technology Certificates (STCsSmall-scale Technology Certificate under the Australian Renewable Energy Target.), unlike LGCs, under the Climate ActiveClimate Active is an accreditation program for Australian companies to certify their organisations, products, services, events, buildings or precincts as carbon neutral. The program is backed and administered by the Australian government. Companies have to measure their scope 1, 2 and material scope 3 emissions, reduce where possible and offset the remainder by purchasing and retiring offsets. Allowed offsets are LGCs for scope 2 and ACCUs, CERs, RMUs, VCUs or VERs for scope 1 or 3 emissions. Annual reporting is required and published on the Climate Active website. Standard, STCs can now be sold to assist with the system cost and the energy consumer can still claim the renewable energy.  STCs cannot be used for offsetting energy bought from the grid. 

• Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCUs) and other international credits (recognized under different standards) can be purchased and surrendered to offset emissions.  e.g. If the business emits 500 tonnes of CO2-e p.a. they could purchase 500 ACCUs per year and surrender them to claim to be carbon neutral (e.g. for Scope 1 emissions) 
• Energy Saving Certificates (ESCs, VEECS) are neither renewable energy nor carbon credits, hence they cannot be used to offset energy consumed from the grid nor emissions from operations. The upside of this is that buy selling energy saving certificates and generating income towards the cost of the project does NOT currently undermine the emissions reductions which are a side benefit of the energy efficiency project.   Some Accreditation agencies are reviewing this at present. 
  

Voluntarily surrendering a certificate from a company’s account in a government registry means that the certificate has been taken out of circulation and this is done to claim the environmental value and hence reduce emissions by offsetting. 

Energy Saving Certificates (White Certificates)?

Energy efficiency projects that generate energy saving certificates, these certificates are treated as a financial incentive for typically awarding 10 years of savings to help overcome CAPEX barriers and to reduce demands from the network. This is particularly beneficially for VEECs generated in Victorian by energy savings activities from the grid reductions of renewable energy generation. EG Solar VEECs, and VEECS from BiomassBiomass is plant or animal material used to produce electricity or heat. Examples include forestry by-products, crop waste, animal waste and food processing waste. Biomass is considered a renewable energy fuel if it comes from a sustainably managed source. More, Biogas, and Cogeneration.  In all these cases the business has reduced their energy consumed and can sell the environmental certificates and sell them whilst still achieving the carbon reduction or renewable energy benefits.  Some agencies are reviewing this space, so make sure you contact Northmore Gordon to learn the latest. 

Standards for Carbon Neutrality 

To legitimately claim to achieve a certain level of carbon reductions, a business needs to be certified against one of the recognized standards. In Australia these include: 

Climate Active Carbon Neutral Standard (formerly the National Carbon Offset1 carbon offset = 1 tonne of CO2-e avoided or removed from the atmosphere. Avoided emissions covers activities that alter behaviour that would have otherwise caused emissions such as energy efficiency improvements or avoided deforestation. Removal covers activities that permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere such as new forestry plantations, soil carbon improvement or carbon capture and storage. More Standard, NCOS). Climate Active is an ongoing partnership between the Australian Government and Australian businesses to drive voluntary climate action. The brand represents Australia’s collective effort to measure, reduce, and offset carbon emissions to lessen our negative impact on the environment  

Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTiScience Based Targets initiative More) Is an international initiative that drives ambitious climate action in the private sector by enabling companies to set science-based emissions reduction targets.  SBTi’s Corporate Net-ZeroNet-zero is a term meaning to get to zero emissions, there is no current standard on what getting to net-zero means. For governments a net-zero target is one that covers all scope 1 emissions in their jurisdiction. For business it usually covers scope 1 and 2 emissions, although some companies also include some scope 3 emissions. The Science Based Targets Initiative is currently working on a standard for companies. More Standard is the world’s first framework for corporate net-zero target setting in line with climate science. SBTi is different from Climate Active in the that it does not allow offsetting in the same way.

Corporate Emissions Reduction Transparency (CERT) In February 2021 the Australian Clean Energy RegulatorThe Clean Energy Regulator is the Australia Government body responsible for accelerating carbon abatement for Australia through the administration of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting scheme, Renewable Energy Target and the Emissions Reduction Fund. More (CER) announced the CERT initiative which is underpinned by the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGERNational Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme. Large energy users and greenhouse gas emitters that exceed the thresholds must report their detailed energy and emissions data each year to the Australian Clean Energy Regulator.) scheme and available for large companies to demonstrate their action on climate change. Going live in January 2022 this new scheme is in a pilot phase and provides a supplementary reporting scheme to allow NGER reporting companies to voluntarily disclose their purchases of offset units and supplies of renewable energy.  The CERT guidelines specify which Environmental Certificates are eligible units for reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions and in what circumstances.  NG can help navigate this new opportunity. 

Talk to Northmore Gordon today about your journey to carbon neutrality.